Baby Doc, Will he Show?

The UN State of Denial in Haiti

UN tank in Cite Soleil, 2007
(Photo by John Carroll)

In January of 2007 I talked to a lady in Cite Soleil who told me that UN helicopters had hovered over her neighborhood in late-December, 2006 and shot down on them. Three of her daughters were allegedly hit by these UN bullets as they were diving below their beds in the house. I examined the three girls and saw their bullet wounds. And I went to their house and saw the bullet holes in their second floor roof. The holes in the roof were "entry" holes. How did these bullet holes pierce the roof if they did not come from above? And how did the three sisters get shot if the bullets did not come from above?

Nineteen year old Soleil woman shot in left shoulder.
(Photo by John Carroll, January 2007)

In New York City the UN denied that they shot down on Soleil from their helicopter.

In 2009 I was at the funeral of Fr. Gerry Jean-Juste in Port-au-Prince. Father Gerry was a Catholic priest who was a friend to many. However, he was considered dangerous and a threat by the interim Haitian government. (He had also been exiled for 18 years in the United States by the government of Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier.)

Right after the funeral mass was over and we were leaving church, I heard six or seven sickening gun shots. A young Haitian man right outside of church had his head blown off by UN soldiers sitting inside a MINUSTAH vehicle. The smoke could be seen exiting their rifle barrels from the back of their truck as they pulled away from the side of the cathedral.

People diving for cover during shooting at Fr. Jean-Juste's funeral.
(Photo by John Carroll, 2009)

However, the MINUSTAH spokesperson said that a rock hit the Haitian guy. I didn't know a rock sounded like rifle shots when it strikes someone in the head. MINUSTAH never admitted to killing this man.

And now the UN says they won't pay up for the cholera outbreak that has killed over 8,000 Haitians from October 20, 2010 until today. And those are only the cholera deaths that we have recorded. Many cholera deaths in Haiti's mountains and slums are never recorded.

Cholera victim, 2011
(Photo by John Carroll)

See this tweet:

How the U.N. caused Haiti's Cholera crisis -- and Won't Be Held Responsible - The Atlantic theatlantic.com/international/…
— John A. Carroll (@haitianhearts) February 26, 2013

John A. Carroll, MD
www.haitianhearts.org

Portraits of Cholera

Appalling Portraits of Haiti’s Cholera Epidemic slate.com/articles/news_…
— John A. Carroll (@haitianhearts) February 26, 2013

Rheumatic Heart Disease in Africa

First World Problems

Pain Relief in Haiti--A Short Story

Untreated Breast Cancer in a Haitian Woman
(Photo by John Carroll, 2012)

As referenced in a previous post, most Haitians have very difficult lives and many of them suffer from painful conditions that are never treated. And their pain is ignored too not because "Haitians have a higher pain tolerance" but because Haitians are poor.

When Haitians have medical problems that cause pain, they need and deserve pain medication. Pain relief is a basic human right. And ten million Haitians have their fair share of burns, broken bones, and post-operative pain.

Haiti has a huge supply of cancer pain that usually goes untreated too. Cervical cancer and breast cancer plague Haitian women. Screening, diagnostics, and treatment are all deficient.

Yet in over 30 years of working in Haiti, I have never seen morphine ordered even once.

Morphine comes from the poppy plant and was discovered in 1804. It was first marketed for relief of pain in 1817. That is almost two hundred years ago.  Morphine is very effective and costs about two dollars per week per average hospitalized adult. But morphine hasn’t caught on in Haiti yet.

In the United States we tell patients with pain, “We have more morphine than you have pain”. High income countries such as the United States, Canada, and the UK consume 93% of the world’s morphine supply yet 70% of deaths from cancer occur in low and middle income nations.

Every year five million people in the world with cancer die in pain, without access to pain medication. In India 1-2% of patients with cancer are given morphine. In Haiti it is even less.

Neglecting someone's pain from any cause is unconscionable. It is frequently the ultimate and last insult for people without funds or influence.


John A. Carroll, MD
www.haitianhearts.org

Mercy Ship

Haitian Hearts has Two Patients Accepted

Memose--October, 2012
(Photo by John Carroll)

Thirty-four year old Memose was just accepted by a medical center in the United States for reconstructive surgery of her jaw.

Thirteen years ago Haitian Hearts brought Memose to this same medical center for cancer of her right lower jaw. The cancer was resected and her fibula was used as a bone graft to make her a new jaw bone.  It is held together by a titanium plate and screws. After surgery Memose underwent radiation therapy and did very well and returned to her family in Haiti.

Unfortunately, after the 2010 earthquake Memose was lost to follow up. However, she resurfaced on Facebook and let her host family in the States know that she was not doing well. She said that she had a hole in her jaw with recurrent infections at the site of her previous surgery.

In October of 2012, I examined Memose in Port-au-Prince. She looked well aside from her right jaw. As the photograph shows, she has a five centimeter opening over her right mandible which exposes the plate and screws. Memose has radiation induced osteonecrosis, a known complication of radiation exposure.

After my exam, I sent photos and a history and physical to her surgeon in the States. He immediately responded and said he would do all he could to reconstruct Memose's jaw. And the medical center agreed to accept Memose as well. Her wonderful host family from thirteen years ago has her room in their home ready for her. We are working on obtaining her visa now for return to the United States.

I really don't care for Facebook but Facebook is how Memose communicated with her host family and  is the main way we communicate with her. Facebook played a big role in the Egyptian revolution and is playing a big role in saving Memose's life.
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Woodson and Mom--January, 2013
(Photo by John Carroll)

The second patient is Woodson.

Woodson is a three year old toddler who lives on the outskirts of Port-au-Prince. In February of 2012, his mother carried him into the pediatric clinic in Cite Soleil.

My exam revealed a very loud murmur over his chest and an echocardiogram proved he had a ventricular septal defect. This is the most common congenital heart disease and is a hole in the wall of the heart that separates the two man pumping chambers.

I put Woodson on some medication which helps rid his lungs of excess water which can collect due to this hole which should not be there.

Woodson has been accepted by a group called CHADASHA which takes Haitian kids to the Dominican Republic for heart surgery. And Woodson will leave for the Dominican Republic with his mother in two weeks for surgery to patch the hole.

Thank you CHADASHA!


John A. Carroll, MD
www.haitianhearts.org

Archbishop John Myers

Cardinal Mahony, Archbishop Myers keep the scandal alive shar.es/YD1Fh via @sharethis
— John A. Carroll (@haitianhearts) February 17, 2013

Silent Doctors

Why Doctors Remain Silent nyti.ms/12pTk17
— John A. Carroll (@haitianhearts) February 15, 2013

NGO's in Haiti

Visit NBCNews.com for breaking news, world news, and news about the economy

Haitian Pornography

Pierre--February 1, 2013
(Photo by John Carroll)

Amy Wilentz new book is called “Farewell, Fred Voodoo”. In her book Wilentz writes that visitors to Haiti, including herself, tend to be guilty of writing about or photographing Haitians in their despair. She calls this "pornography" when we write about or photograph poor Haitians for its shock value. And the Haitian subject usually never knows what becomes of their story or photo. They hardly ever benefit in any meaningful way.

I agree that this is some form of pornography. But if the story or the photograph may spur someone to do something good for the person or for Haiti I rationalize that it may be less pornographic.

I have found myself in the same spot that Wilentz describes in Haiti many times in 30 years. And I have asked myself: Why am I here? Should I be here? Do I have any right to be here? Am I doing any good to be here and to document what I am seeing?

I realize I am different than the Haitian I am examining or interviewing or photographing in that I can leave Haiti anytime. Wilentz says that poverty is not so bad when you can “snap your fingers” and it comes to an end. In other words we can go home when we have had our fill. But Haitians cannot go home when they’ve had their fill. They ARE home. Most are condemned to live here forever.

Living in Haiti should be wonderful, like the Arawak Indians found it to be centuries ago. But the Arawaks lived with dignity and most Haitians do not. Haitian roofs leak and their kids hair is orange and they vomit worms. And so a million Haitians, give or take a few hundred thousand, have left Haiti with visas or on creaking boats. Many have made it big but many are cleaning bathrooms in South Florida airports and hotels. They do the undignified work we won’t do.

Yesterday I was approached at St. Catherine Laboure Hospital in Cite Soleil by a thin man who was walking with a woman. He had the requisite IV in his arm. Haitians firmly believe that getting IV fluid is good for what ails you and it frequently is.
 
He politely said hello and came over and sat down next to me on the wooden bench in the courtyard of the hospital. He told me his name is Pierre and that he is from a little village named Lilavois located on the outskirts of Port-au-Prince. He said that he had been a carpenter until he got too weak to work. And then he started telling me his medical problems.

While he was talking I noticed that his facial muscles had wasted away, his arms were thin, and his eyes were yellow and sunken. And his abdomen was conspicuously bulging from underneath his t shirt. Thin Haitian men with bulging abdomens are never good. I have seen too many.

Pierre related that he had come to St. Catherine’s because he had severe pain in his abdomen, weight loss, and yellow eyes for about three months.  He said that he was unable to eat and he couldn’t hardly sleep due to pain. He looked like he had been sick for much longer than three months.

Pierre told me that he is 48 years old and the lady with him identified herself as Pierre’s sister. She seemed to be a gentle lovely soul and obviously very concerned about her brother.

My heart sank for so many reasons. Was I on the verge of creating pornography like Wilentz describes? Should I even talk to Pierre? I knew he was dying.

We walked into the hospital and Pierre laid down in his hospital bed in the Internal Medicine ward and his sister sat at the end of the bed. There were five patients spread out around the ward. Only five patients in the only hospital in Soleil that serves an area of 250,000 people. There were no doctors on site.

I examined Pierre's protuberant abdomen. When I tapped on his abdomen he had shifting dullness due to excess pathologic fluid moving back and forth. And I gently felt for his liver border. Usually an adult’s liver doesn’t extend further than the lower ribs on the right side. But Pierre’s liver border ran way below his ribs down the right gutter of his abdomen. And his distended liver felt rock hard. 

Lower liver border
(Photo by John Carroll)

 
I finished my exam and said to myself Pierre has liver cancer and he is definitely finished.  

I reviewed his dossier in a cheap blue plastic folder.  During his two day hospitalization he had been given two types of diuretics to try and decrease the fluid in his abdomen. Some labs had been drawn which showed his bilirubin was high. In other words "something" in his liver was blocking the flow of bile and so the bile regurgitated into his bloodstream and turned his eyes yellow. That "something" was most likely cancer.

What was not on his chart was medication written for pain. Pierre had been given nothing for pain. In thirty years in Haiti I have never seen morphine, demerol, dilaudid, or fentanyl ordered for pain.

When poor Haitians get bad diseases that are not treatable in Haiti, like liver cancer, they deserve to have pain medication to ease them during their last days. And narcotic pain medication like morphine is not expensive. But pain is not treated effectively here even at the end of their lives. Haitian lives are painful up to and including their last breath.

So is this pornographic that I am posting about Pierre?

I met Pierre for a reason. Should I not say anything to anyone about this meeting?  Should I just act like Pierre does not exist and that his medical condition is nothing? Should I just shrug and say to myself,  "Gee whiz, this guy needs something for pain."  Should he just be another unknown Haitian carpenter who works very hard his entire life and dies anonymously without any pain medication? Has Pierre nothing to teach us?

So what did I do to assuage my guilt and make the whole experience with Pierre less pornographic?

I talked with Pierre and his sister. I advised him to ask the doctor, if he sees one, for pain medication and if the doctor did not prescribe him any to leave the hospital and try the public hospital down town. I did not expect that hospital to be any better, but it is no worse either. I did not want to guide Pierre in the wrong direction, but it is not happening here in Soleil at St. Catherine's.  

I asked the nurse for pain medication for him.  She opened the cabinet on the ward and we both searched for pain medication. There was nothing there in the cabinet. The nurse was very polite but also very unconcerned there was nothing to offer Pierre for his pain.  She is used to death and painful deaths.

The nurse said Pierre needs to buy his own pain medication. And by that she meant "on the street". Pierre is too sick to do this and so this responsibility would fall on his sister. But she has no money. Obviously, this was not a good option so I gave them a 20 dollar bill to buy pain medication if any Haitian doctor wrote the prescription.

So was I done at this point? Could I go skipping out of this dismal ward all happy?  No, not yet. I realized I had some pain medication in my pack that I take for migraines. There were only a few.  I told him to take half a pill to make them last twice as long. Pierre seemed so happy and swallowed half a pill immediately.  

I also had a bottle of pre-natal multivitamins in my pack. So I gave them to him and also told his sister to take one per day. The vitamins would largely be placebo for Pierre but not for her.

Did I feel guilty about giving dying Pierre vitamins, a small handful of pain meds, and twenty bucks?  Yes I did, especially when they smiled at me and thanked me so much.

But I told myself that I had done more for Pierre than the Haitian government, foreign governments, NGOs, and millions of people worldwide who had pledged 5 billion dollars for Haiti after the earthquake. If Pierre can sleep for a few hours now with the meds I gave him before he returns to his usual state of pain and suffering, then that is good.

Another option would have been for me to tell Pierre that he is dying of liver cancer and that he needs to return to Lilavois before he dies. And if he did this, his kind sister would not have to hire a private tap tap for a lot of money that she doesn’t have and transport his body back to Lilavois for burial. (For some reason, typical Haitians won’t travel on a tap tap with a corpse.)

Should I have said that to him? Should I have taken any fading hope that he may have for life? I would have been honest. But in my opinion this was no time for brutal honesty. It was a time for vitamins, pain meds, a little money, and a little hope.

Someday we will look back on the Pierres of Haiti, and there are many of them, and say we did not do them right. But that day has not arrived. I will continue to do what I can and document what I can while hopefully not creating too much Haitian pornography.  



John A. Carroll, MD
www.haitianhearts.org